Cybernetics

 

from: http://gwis.circ.gwu.edu/~asc/

"A series of 35mm slides and an audio tape were created by
Catherine Becker and Marcella Slakosky in 1982, for a course
taught by Stuart Umpleby at the George Washington University."

The History and Development of Cybernetics:
    http://gwis.circ.gwu.edu/~asc/slide.html

King Pins
Norbert Weiner:
 http://gwis.circ.gwu.edu/~asc/slide/s63.html
 http://gwis.circ.gwu.edu/~asc/slide/s31.html

W. Ross Ashby:
 http://gwis.circ.gwu.edu/~asc/slide/s45.html

 Homeostat:
 http://gwis.circ.gwu.edu/~asc/slide/s46.html

Grey Walter:
 http://gwis.circ.gwu.edu/~asc/slide/s48.html
 http://gwis.circ.gwu.edu/~asc/slide/s128.html

 Elsie:
 http://gwis.circ.gwu.edu/~asc/slide/s51.html
 http://www.frc.ri.cmu.edu/~hpm/book98/fig.ch2/p018.html
 http://www.uwe.ac.uk/facults/eng/ias/gwarkive.html

Warren McCulloch:
 http://gwis.circ.gwu.edu/~asc/slide/s60.html

The Conspirators:
 http://gwis.circ.gwu.edu/~asc/slide/s64.html


Key Stones

Prehistoric:
http://gwis.circ.gwu.edu/~asc/slide/s3.html

Buggy:
http://gwis.circ.gwu.edu/~asc/slide/s17.html

Traffic:
http://gwis.circ.gwu.edu/~asc/slide/s19.html

WindMill:
http://gwis.circ.gwu.edu/~asc/slide/s21.html

Reactor:
http://gwis.circ.gwu.edu/~asc/slide/s23.html

Specialization:
http://gwis.circ.gwu.edu/~asc/slide/s25.html

DNA:
http://gwis.circ.gwu.edu/~asc/slide/s28.html

Milky Way:
http://gwis.circ.gwu.edu/~asc/slide/s29.html

Steersman:
http://gwis.circ.gwu.edu/~asc/slide/s30.html

Dendrites:
 http://gwis.circ.gwu.edu/~asc/slide/s67.html

White Rat:
http://gwis.circ.gwu.edu/~asc/slide/s71.html

Brain:
 http://gwis.circ.gwu.edu/~asc/slide/s75.html

Body-Mind:
 http://gwis.circ.gwu.edu/~asc/slide/s77.html

Mechanical Men:
 http://gwis.circ.gwu.edu/~asc/slide/s80.html

Oil and Vinegar:
 http://gwis.circ.gwu.edu/~asc/slide/s96.html
 http://gwis.circ.gwu.edu/~asc/slide/s97.html

Society:
  http://gwis.circ.gwu.edu/~asc/slide/s132.html


 Second Order Cybernetics 
 'Whereas, in the early days, cybernetics was generally applied to
  systems seeking goals already defined for them, "second-order"
  cybernetics refers to systems that define their own goals.'


Heinz von Foerster:
 http://gwis.circ.gwu.edu/~asc/slide/s107.html

Humberto Maturana:
 http://gwis.circ.gwu.edu/~asc/slide/s108.html

Gordon Pask
http://gwis.circ.gwu.edu/~asc/slide/s109.html

Stafford Beer
http://gwis.circ.gwu.edu/~asc/slide/s110.html

'...began extending the application of cybernetic principles to
understanding the role of the observer. This emphasis was called
"second-order cybernetics." '

'Whereas, first-order cybernetics dealt with controlled systems,
second-order cybernetics deals with autonomous systems.'

'In the classical view, a scientist working in a laboratory takes
great pains to prevent his own actions from affecting the outcome
of an experiment. However, as we move from mechanical systems,
such as the scientist works with in the laboratory, to social systems,
it becomes impossible to ignore the role of the observer.'

Observation of Observers Observing the Observed
http://gwis.circ.gwu.edu/~asc/slide/s121.html